St. Monica – From the Liturgical Year, Dom Gueranger, O.S.B.
In the company of
our Risen Lord there are two women, two mothers, of whom we have often had to speak
during the last few weeks: they are Mary, mother of James the Less and
Thaddeus, and Salome, mother of James the Greater and John the beloved
disciple. They went, with Magdalene, to the Sepulchre, on the Resurrection
morning; they carried spices to anoint the Body of Jesus; they were spoken to
by Angels; and, as they returned to Jerusalem, our Lord appeared to them,
greeted them, and allowed them to kiss his sacred feet. Since that Day, he has
repaid their love by frequently appearing to them; and on the day of his
Ascension from Mount Olivet, they will be there, together with our Blessed Lady
and the Apostles, to receive his farewell blessing. Let us honor these faithful
companions of Magdalene, these models of the love we should show to our Lord in
his Resurrection; let us, also, venerate them as mothers who gave four Apostles
to the Church. But lo! On this fourth morning of beautiful May, there rises,
near to Mary and Salome, another woman, another mother. She, too, is fervent in
her love of Jesus. She, too, gives to holy Church a treasure: the child of her tears, a Doctor, a Bishop,
and one of the grandest Saints of the New Law. This woman, this mother, is
Monica, twice mother of Augustine.
This master-piece
of God's grace was produced on the desert soil of Africa. Her virtues would
have been unknown till the day of Judgment, had not the pen of the great Bishop
of Hippo, prompted by the holy affection of his filial heart, revealed to us
the merits of this woman, whose life was humility and love, and who now, immortalized
in men's esteem, is venerated as the model and patroness of Christian Mothers.
One of the great charms of the book of Confessions, is Augustine's fervent
praise of Monica's virtues and devotedness. With what affectionate gratitude he
speaks, throughout his whole history, of the untiring constancy of this mother,
who, seeing the errors of her son, wept over him more than other mothers weep
over the dead body of their children! Our Lord, — who, from time to time,
consoles, with a ray of hope, the souls he tries, — had shown to Monica, in a
vision, the future meeting of the son and mother; she had even heard a holy
Bishop assuring her, that the child of so many tears could never be lost : still,
the sad realities of the present weighed heavily on her heart; and both her
maternal love and her Faith caused her to grieve over this son who kept away
from her, yea, who kept away from her, because he was unfaithful to his God.
The anguish of this devoted heart was an expiation, which would, at a future
period, be applied to the guilty one; fervent and persevering prayer, joined
with suffering, prepared Augustine's second birth; — and, as he himself says, she
went through more when she gave me my spiritual, than when she gave me my
corporal, birth. At last, after long years of anxiety, the mother found, at
Milan, this son of hers, who had so cruelly deceived her, when he fled from her
roof to go and risk his fortune in Rome. She found him still doubting the truth
of the Christian Religion, but tired of the errors that had misled him.
Augustine was not aware of it, but he had really made an advance towards the
true Faith. She found me," says he, in extreme danger, for I despaired of
ever finding the truth. But when I told her, that I was no " longer a
Manichean, and yet not a Catholic Christian, — the announcement did not take
her by surprise. She leaped for joy, at being made sure that one half of my
misery was gone. As to the other, she wept over me, as dead, indeed, but to
rise again; she turned to thee, O my God, and wept, and, in spirit, brought me, and laid the bier
before thee, that thou mightest say to the widow's son: Young man! I say to
thee, arise! Then would he come to life again, and begin to speak, and thou
couldst give him back to his mother! Seeing, then, that although I had not yet
found the truth, I was delivered from error, she felt sure that thou wouldst
give the other half of the whole thou hadst promised. She told me in a tone of
gentlest calm, but with her heart full of hope, that she was confident, in
Christ, that before leaving this world, she would see me a faithful Catholic.
At Milan, Monica formed acquaintance with the great Saint Ambrose, who was the
instrument chosen by God for the conversion of her son. She, says Augustine, had
a very great affection for Ambrose, because of what he had done for my soul;
and he equally loved her, because of her extraordinary piety, which led her to
the performance of good works, and to fervent assiduity in frequenting the Church.
Hence, when he saw me, he would frequently break out in her praise, and
congratulate me on having such a mother. The hour of grace came at last. The
light of Faith dawned upon Augustine, and he began to think of enrolling himself
a member of the Christian Church; but the pleasures of the world, in which he
had so long indulged, held him back from receiving the holy sacrament of
Baptism.
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| Baptism of St Augustine – Benozzo Gozzoli |
Monica's prayers and tears won for him the grace to break this last
tie. He yielded, and became a Christian. But God would have this work of his
divine mercy a perfect one. Augustine, once converted, was not satisfied with
professing the true Faith; he aspired to the sublime virtue of continency. A
soul, favored as his then was, could find no further pleasure in any thing that
this world could offer him. Monica, who was anxious to guard her son against
the dangers of a relapse into sin, had been preparing an honorable marriage for
him: but Augustine came to her, one day, accompanied by his friend Alypius, and
told her that he was resolved to aim at what was most perfect. Let us listen to the Saint's account of
this interview with his mother; it was immediately after he had been admonished
by the voice from heaven: We (Augustine and Alypius,) go at once to my mother’s
house. We tell her what had taken place she is full of joy. We tell her all the
particulars; she is overpowered with feelings of delight and exultation. She
blessed thee, O my God, who canst do beyond what we ask or understand. She saw that
thou hadst done more for me, than she had asked of thee, with her many piteous
and tearful sighs. Thou hadst changed her mourning into joy, even beyond her
wishes, yea, into a joy far dearer and chaster than she could ever have had in
seeing me a father of children. A few days after this, and, in the Church of
Milan, a sub lime spectacle was witnessed by Angels and men: — Ambrose baptizing
Augustine in Monica's presence.
The saintly mother
had fulfilled her mission: her son was regenerated to truth and virtue, and she
had given to the Church the greatest of her Doctors. The evening of her long
and tried life was approaching, and she was soon to find eternal rest in the
God, for whose love she had toiled and suffered so much. The son and mother
were at Ostia, waiting for the vessel that was to take them back to Africa. I
and she were alone, says Augustine, and were standing near a window of our
lodging, which commanded a view of the garden. We were having a most charming
conversation.
Forgetting the past, and stretching forward to the things beyond,
we were talking about the future life of the saints, which eye hath not seen,
nor ear heard, nor hath it ascended into man's heart. And whilst thus talking about it and longing
for it, our hearts seemed to bound forward and reach it. We sighed, and left
the first-fruits of our spirit there, and returned to the sound of our own
voice. Then, my mother said to me: 'My son! — As far as I am concerned, there
is nothing now that can give me ' pleasure in this life. I know not what I can
do, or why I should be here, now that I have nothing to hope for in this world.
There was one thing, for which I desired to live somewhat longer, and it was to
see thee a Catholic Christian before my death. My God has granted me this, and
more; for I see that thou hast despised earthly pleasures and become his
servant. What do I here? She had not
long to wait for the divine invitation. She breathed forth her pure soul a few
days after this interview, leaving an indelible impression upon the heart of
her son, to the Church a name most dear and honored, and to Christian mothers
a perfect example of the purest and holiest maternal affection.
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| Death of St. Monica |
O thou model of
mothers! Christendom honors thee as one of the most perfect types of human
nature regenerated by Christ. Previous to the Gospel, during those long ages
when Woman was kept in a state of abjection, a Mother’s influence on her
children was feeble and insignificant; her duties were generally limited to
looking after their bodily well-being; and if some mothers of those times have
handed their names down to posterity, it is only because they taught their sons
to covet and win the passing glory of this world. But we have no instance, in
pagan times, of a mother training her son to virtue, following him from city to
city that she might help him in the struggle with error and the passions, and
encourage him to rise after a fall; we do not meet with one who devoted herself
to continual prayer and tears, with a view to obtain her son’s return to truth
and Virtue. Christianity alone has revealed a Mother’s mission and power.
What
forgetfulness of thyself, O Monica, in thine incessant endeavor to secure
Augustine’s salvation! After God, it is for him thou livest; and to live for
thy son in such a way as this, is it not living for God, who deigns to use thee
as the instrument of his grace? What carest thou for Augustine’s glory and
success in this world, when thou thinkest of the eternal dangers to which he is
exposed, and of his being eternally separated from God and thee? There is no
sacrifice or devotedness which thy maternal heart is not ready to make, in
order to satisfy the Divine justice; it has its rights, and thou art too
generous not to satisfy them. Thou waitest patiently, day and night, for God’s
good time to come. The delay only makes thy prayer more earnest.
Hoping against
all hope, thou at length feelest, within thy heart, the humble but firm
conviction, that the object of all these tears can never be lost. Moved with
mercy towards thee, as he was for the sorrowing mother of Nairn, he speaks with
that voice, which nothing can withstand: Young man! I say to thee, arise! And
he gives him to his mother he gives thee the dear one whose death thou hadst so
bitterly bewailed, but from whom thou couldst not tear thyself. What a
recompense of thy maternal love is this! God is not satisfied with restoring
thee Augustine full of life ; from the very depths of error and sin, this son
of thine rises, and, at once, to the highest virtue. Thy prayers were that he
might become a Catholic, and break certain ties which were both a disgrace and
danger to him; when lo! One single stroke of grace has raised him to the sublime
state of the Evangelical Counsels. Thy work is more than done, O happy mother!
Speed thee to heaven; where, till thy Augustine joins thee, thou art to gaze on
the saintly life and works of this son, whose salvation is due to thee, and
whose bright glory, even while he sojourns here below, sheds the sweetest halo
over thy venerated name. From the eternal home, where thou art now happy with
this son of thine, who owes to thee his life both of earth and heaven, — cast a
loving look, O Monica, on the many Christian mothers, who are now fulfilling on
earth the hard but noble mission which was once thine. Their children are also
dead with the death of sin; and they would restore them to true life, by the
power of their maternal love. After the Mother of Jesus, it is to thee that
they turn, O Monica, — thou whose prayers and tears were once so efficacious
and so fruitful. Take their cause in hand; thy ten der and devoted heart cannot
fail to compassionate them in the anguish, which was once thine own. Keep up their
courage; teach them to hope. The conversion of these dear ones is to cost them
many a sacrifice; get them the generosity and fortitude needed for their paying
the price thus asked of them by God. Let them remember, that the conversion of
a soul is a greater miracle than the raising a dead man to life; and that
Divine Justice demands a compensation, which they, the mothers of these
children, must be ready to make. This spirit of sacrifice will destroy that
hidden egotism, which is but too frequently mingled with what seems to be
affection of the purest kind. Let them ask themselves, if they would rejoice,
as thou didst, O Monica, at finding that a vocation to the Religious Life were
the result of the conversion they have so much at heart? If they are thus disinterested,
let them not fear; their prayers and sufferings must be efficacious; sooner or
later, the wished-for grace will descend upon the Prodigal, and he will return
to God and his mother.
Ven. Dom
Gueranger – Liturgical Year
Fourth Monday
after Easter - Double/White
Vestments
St Monica, Widow - Missa 'Cognovi'
INTROIT Psalm 118: 75, 120
Cognovi, Domine,
quia æquitas judicia tua, et in veritate tua humiliasti me: confige timore tuo
carnes meas, a mandatis tuis timui. Ps 118. Beati immaculati in via: qui
ambulant in lege Domini. Gloria Patri.
I know, O Lord
that Thy judgments are equity, and in Thy truth Thou hast humbled me: pierce
Thou my flesh with Thy fear, I am afraid of Thy judgments. Ps. Blessed are the
undefiled in the way: who walk in the law of the Lord. Glory be to the Father.
COLLECT
O God, the
consoler of them that mourn and the health of them that hope in Thee, Who didst
show Thine acceptance of blessed Monica's pious tears in the conversion of her
son Augustine, grant us, by the intercession of them both, to deplore our sins
and find the mercy of Thy grace. Through our Lord.
EPISTLE I Timothy 5: 3-10
Lesson from First Epistle of Saint Paul To Timothy
Dearly beloved:
Honor widows that are widows indeed. But if any widow have children, or
grandchildren, let her learn first to govern her own house, and to make a
return of duty to her parents: for this is acceptable before God. But she that
is a widow indeed and desolate, let her trust in God, and continue in prayers
and supplications night and day. For she that liveth in pleasures, is dead
while she is living. And this give in charge, that they may be blameless. But
if any man have not care of his own, and especially of those of his house, he
hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel. Let a widow be chosen of
no less than threescore years of age, who hath been the wife of one husband,
having testimony for her good works, if she have brought up children, if she
have received to harbor, if she have washed the saints' feet, if she have
ministered to them that suffer tribulation, if she have diligently followed
every good work.
PASCHAL ALLELÚIA Psalm 44: 5
Allelúia,
allelúia. Spécie tua, et pulchritúdine tua inténde, próspere procéde, et regna.
Alleluia. Própter
veritátem et mansuetúdinem, et justítiam: et dedúcet te mirabíliter déxtera
tua. Alleluia.
Alleluia,
alleluia. With thy comeliness, and thy beauty, set out, proceed prosperously,
and reign.
Alleluia. Because
of truth, and meekness, and justice: and thy right hand shall conduct thee
wonderfully. Alleluia.
GOSPEL
Continuation of the holy Gospel according to Saint Luke
Luke 7: 11-16
At that time,
Jesus went into a city called Naim: and there went with Him His disciples, and
a great multitude. And when He came nigh to the gate of the city, behold a dead
man was carried out, the only son of his mother, and she was a widow, and many
people of the city were with her. And when the Lord saw her, He had compassion
on her, and said to her: Weep not. And He came near and touched the bier. And
they that carried it stood still. And He said: Young man, I say to thee, Arise.
And he that was dead, sat up, and began to speak. And He delivered him to his mother.
And there came a fear on them all: and they glorified God, saying: A great
Prophet is risen up amongst us, and God has visited His people.
OFFERTORY Psalm 44: 3
Diffusa est
gratia in labiis tuis: propterea benedixit te Deus in æternum, et in sæculum
sæculi.
Grace is poured
abroad in thy lips: therefore God hath blessed thee for ever and for ages of
ages.
SECRET
May the offerings
of thy holy people be accepted by Thee, O Lord, in honour of Thy saints,
through whose merits they know that they have received aid in time of trouble.
Through our Lord.
COMMON PREFACE
It is truly meet
and just, right and for our salvation that we should at all times and in all
places, give thanks unto Thee, O holy Lord, Father almighty, everlasting God:
through Christ our Lord. Through Whom the Angels praise Thy Majesty, the
Dominations worship it, the Powers stand in awe. The Heavens and the Heavenly
hosts together with the blessed Seraphim in triumphant chorus unite to
celebrate it. Together with them we entreat Thee, that Thou mayest bid our
voices also to be admitted, while we say in lowly praise:
SANCTUS
Sanctus, Sanctus,
Sanctus, Dóminus Deus Sábaoth. Pleni sunt cæli et terra glória tua. Hosánna in
excélsis. Benedíctus qui venit in nómine Dómini. Hosánna in excélsis.
COMMUNION Psalm 44: 8
Dilexisti justitiam, et odisti iniquitatem: propterea unxit te Deus, Deus tuus, oleo
lætitiæ præ consortibus tuis, alleluia.
Thou hast loved
justice and hated iniquity: therefore God thy God, hath anointed thee with the
oil of gladness above thy fellows. Alleluia.
POSTCOMMUNION
Having fed Thy
family, O Lord, with holy gifts, we beseech Thee, ever to comfort us by the
intercession of her whose festival we celebrate. Through our Lord.
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